Contents

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PJ 84 (2011) 199

'A Nod and a Wink': Do 'Gaming Practices' Provide an Insight into the Organisational Nature of Police Corruption?
Rodger Patrick

Whether police corruption is an individual or an organisational phenomenon has been a feature of recent criminological debates. The definition of police corruption has also changed and more modern definitions, based on the motivation behind the behaviour, include perverse practices designed to give a false impression of improved performance. Such practices are referred to as 'gaming', and examples involving law enforcement agencies are regularly cited in the academic literature on this subject. In this article statistical patterns in police performance data are linked to particular forms of 'gaming' behaviour. It is argued that the scale and seismic nature of fluctuations linked to particular events, sometimes involving scandals or other exposures, indicate that the behaviour is organisational and linked to objectives being pursued by senior officers. The contributions of Her Majesty's Government Statistical Office and Home Office Research Development and Statistics department are acknowledged in the provision of the statistics on which this article is based.

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PJ 84 (2011) 222

Research and Policing in Times of Austerity
James Gravelle and Colin Rogers

This article considers the importance of independent research into the police organisation in times of austerity. By examining police organisational culture, the current economic climate and the recent change in government, the article illustrates the advantages for the police when engaging with external organisations for the purposes of research. Such engagement would assist in maintaining or increasing public confidence whilst also providing greater transparency and accountability. Using previous research experience as a benchmark, this article will highlight the particular difficulties in researching the police organisation. In times of austerity, budgetary constraints placed on the police service will have a significant impact on research and it is suggested that the police may retreat from external research, preferring instead either to conduct 'inhouse' research on a smaller scale or perhaps more likely to postpone research altogether. Cutting staff investment and research may only provoke the police service to return to former cultural enclaves, resulting in the police service becoming more insular and narrowly focused in its long-term objectives. As a result, the future of policing throughout the United Kingdom may become less assured and lead to a decrease in public support.

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PJ 84 (2011) 234

The Influencers of Job Satisfaction in Demanding Crime Investigation
Terhi Kankaanranta

Job satisfaction influences employees' labour supply decisions, such as decisions to change workplaces. Therefore, it is essentially important to identify the influencers of it. The police organisations are expecting an increase in retirements due to an aging population. Therefore, to prevent recruitment difficulties new hires are needed to replace retired employees. The general reputation of an occupation, strongly influenced by job satisfaction, plays a key role when people make decisions regarding their future careers. This study extends the research of job satisfaction in police organisations in Finland by analysing investigators working in sectors rarely studied before: officers working in demanding and long-standing crime investigation. The investigators of economic, narcotic and violent crimes were found to be satisfied or very satisfied with their work. Explorative factor analysis revealed that factors influencing job satisfaction were related to leadership, working environment, flow of information, payment system, work content and employer image. PJ

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PJ 84 (2011) 272

The Erosion of Civil Liberties: Pre-charge Detention and Counter-Terror Laws
Imran Awan

The Terrorism Act 2000 was enacted in order to combat the international threat. The subsequent events of 9/11 in 2001 and July 7 in 2005 led to further legislation, resulting in the Antiterrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001, the Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005 and the Terrorism Act 2006. The legislation created control orders, the right to detain suspects for 28 days and the offence of glorifying terrorist activities. Critics argue that these offences infringe upon our civil liberties, including the right to freedom of speech, the right to a fair trial, and the right to freedom of association under the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA). The article will examine the challenges posed for the government by the counter-terrorism legislation, namely the pre-charge detention rules under the Terrorism Act 2006, as the civil liberties debate continues.

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PJ 84 (2011) 285

Statutory Power of Arrest Hayes v Chief Constable of Merseyside Police [2011] EWCA Civ 911 Court of Appeal 29 July 2011
David Wicks

The Court of Appeal (Ward, Richards and Hughes LJJ) heard an appeal by the claimant against the dismissal by HH Judge Gore QC sitting at Liverpool County Court of his claim for damages for wrongful arrest and false imprisonment.

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PJ 84 (2011) 288

Causing Death by Driving R v Jason Williams [2010] EWCA Crim 2552 Court of Appeal 2 November 2010
David Wicks

The Court of Appeal (Thomas LJ, Silber J and HH Judge Wadsworth QC) considered the defendant's appeal against conviction and sentence for an offence of causing death by driving without insurance and without a licence, contrary to s. 3ZB of the Road Traffic Act 1988.

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PJ 84 (2011) 290

Reasonable Grounds for Believing Arrest Necessary Richardson v Chief Constable of West Midlands Police [2011] EWHC 773 (QB) Queen's Bench Division District Registry (Birmingham) 29 March 2011
Damian Carney

The claimant sought a declaration that arrest when he voluntary attended a police station was unlawful and his continued detention amounted to false imprisonment. He also sought mandatory injunctions to destroy all DNA, fingerprints and photographs taken as a result of his arrest, and for deletion or amendment of details on the police national computer database.

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PJ 84 (2011) 294

Retention of Biometric data R(GC)(FC) v The Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis[2011] UKSC 21 Supreme Court 18 May 2011
Damian Carney

The Divisional Court issued a certificate to allow a leapfrog appeal to the Supreme Court.

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Links to other issues

Volume 74 (2001) :   1   2   3   4

Volume 75 (2002) :   1   2   3   4

Volume 76 (2003) :   1   2   3   4

Volume 77 (2004) :   1   2   3   4

Volume 78 (2005) :   1   2   3   4

Volume 79 (2006) :   1   2   3   4

Volume 80 (2007) :   1   2   3   4

Volume 81 (2008) :   1   2   3

Volume 82 (2009) :   1   4

Volume 83 (2010) :   1   2   3   4

Volume 84 (2011) :   1   2   3

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